Pictured above, villagers flee Tantura in May 1948. Dozens of others may have been killed.<\/p>\n
\u201cThey silenced it,\u201d the former combat soldier Moshe Diamant says, trying to be spare with his words. \u201cIt mustn\u2019t be told, it could cause a whole scandal. I don\u2019t want to talk about it, but it happened. What can you do? It happened.\u201d<\/p>\n
Twenty-two years have passed since the furor erupted over the account of what occurred during\u00a0the conquest by Israeli troops of the village of Tantura<\/a>, north of Caesarea on the Mediterranean coast, in the War of Independence. The controversy sprang up in the wake of a master\u2019s thesis written by an Israeli graduate student named Theodore Katz<\/a>, that contained testimony about atrocities perpetrated by the Alexandroni Brigade against Arab prisoners of war. The thesis led to the publication of an article in the newspaper Maariv headlined \u201cThe Massacre at Tantura.\u201d<\/p>\n Ultimately, a libel suit filed against Katz by veterans of the brigade induced him to retract his account of a massacre.<\/p>\n For years, Katz\u2019s findings were archived, and discussion of the episode took the form of a professional debate between historians. Until now. Now, at the age of 90 and up, a number of combat soldiers from the Israel Defense Forces\u2019 brigade have admitted that a massacre did indeed take place in 1948 at Tantura \u2013 today\u2019s popular Dor Beach, adjacent to Kibbutz Nahsholim. The former soldiers describe different scenes in different ways, and the number of villagers who were shot to death can\u2019t be established. The numbers arising from the testimonies range from a handful who were killed, to many dozens. According to one testimony, provided by a resident of Zichron Yaakov who helped bury the victims, the number of dead exceeded 200, though this high figure does not have corroboration.<\/p>\n According to Diamant, speaking now, villagers were shot to death by a \u201csavage\u201d using a submachine gun, at the conclusion of the battle. He adds that in connection with the libel suit in 2000, the former soldiers tacitly understood that they would pretend that nothing unusual had occurred after the village\u2019s conquest. \u201cWe didn\u2019t know, we didn\u2019t hear. Of course everyone knew. They all knew.\u201d<\/p>\n Another combat soldier, Haim Levin, now relates that a member of the unit went over to a group of 15 or 20 POWs \u201cand killed them all.\u201d Levin says he was appalled, and he spoke to his buddies to try to find out what was going on. \u201cYou have no idea how many [of us] those guys have killed,\u201d he was told.<\/p>\n Another combat soldier in the brigade, Micha Vitkon, talked about an officer \u201cwho in later years was a big man in the Defense Ministry. With his pistol he killed one Arab after another. He was a bit disturbed, and that was a symptom of his disturbance.\u201d According to Vitkon, the soldier did what he did because the prisoners refused to divulge where they had hidden the remaining weapons in the village.<\/p>\n Another combat soldier described a different incident that occurred there: \u201cIt\u2019s not nice to say this. They put them into a barrel and shot them in the barrel. I remember the blood in the barrel.\u201d One of the soldiers summed up by saying that the his comrades-in-arms simply didn\u2019t behave like human beings in the village \u2013 and then resumed his silence.<\/p>\n These and other testimonies appear in an impressive documentation project of the director Alon Schwarz. His documentary film \u201cTantura,\u201d which will be screened twice this weekend online as part of the Sundance Film festival in Utah, would seem to undo the version that took root following the libel suit and Katz\u2019s apology. Even though the testimonies of the soldiers in the film (some of them recorded by Katz, some by Schwarz) were given in broken sentences, in fragments of confessions, the overall picture is clear: Soldiers in the Alexandroni Brigade massacred unarmed men after the battle had concluded.<\/p>\n In fact, the testimony Katz collected was not presented to the court during the libel trial, which was settled midway through the proceedings. Listening to those recordings suggests that if the court had probed them at the time, Katz would not have been impelled to apologize. Often what the soldiers told him was only hinted at and partial, but together it added up to an unequivocal truth.<\/p>\n \u201cWhat do you want?\u201d asked Shlomo Ambar, who would rise to the rank of brigadier general and head of Civil Defense, the forerunner of today\u2019s Home Front Command. \u201cFor me to be a delicate soul and speak in poetry? I moved aside. That\u2019s all. Enough.\u201d Ambar, speaking in the film, made it clear that the events in the village had not been to his liking, \u201cbut because I didn\u2019t speak out then, there is no reason for me to talk about it today.\u201d<\/p>\n One of the grimmest testimonies in Schwarz\u2019s film is that of Amitzur Cohen, who talked about his first months as a combat soldier in the war: \u201cI was a murderer. I didn\u2019t take prisoners.\u201d Cohen relates that if a squad of Arab soldiers was standing with their hands raised, he would shoot them all. How many Arabs did he kill outside the framework of the battles? \u201cI didn\u2019t count. I had a machine gun with 250 bullets. I can\u2019t say how many.\u201d<\/p>\n The Alexandroni Brigade soldiers\u2019 testimonies join past written testimony provided by Yosef Ben-Eliezer. \u201cI was one of the soldiers involved in the conquest of Tantura,\u201d Ben-Eliezer wrote, some two decades ago. \u201cI was aware of the murder in the village. Some of the soldiers did the killing at their own independent initiative.\u201d<\/p>\n The testimonies and documents that Schwarz collected for his film indicate that after the massacre the victims were buried in a mass grave, which is now under the Dor Beach parking lot. The grave was dug especially for this purpose, and the burial went on for more than a week. At the end of May 1948, a week after the village was conquered, and two weeks after the declaration of statehood, one of the commanders who was posted at the site was reprimanded for not having dealt properly with the burial of the Arabs\u2019 bodies. On June 9, the commander of the adjacent base reported: \u201cYesterday I checked the mass grave in Tantura cemetery. Found everything in order.\u201d<\/p>\n In addition to the testimonies and documents, the film presents the conclusion of experts who compared aerial photographs of the village from before and after its conquest. A comparison of the photographs, and the use of three-dimensional imaging done with new tools, makes it possible not only to determine the exact location of the grave but also to estimate its dimensions: 35 meters long, 4 meters wide. \u201cThey took care to hide it,\u201d Katz says in the film, \u201cin such a way that the coming generations would walk there without knowing what they were stepping on.\u201d<\/p>\n The confession of the Alexandroni Brigade troops casts a new light on the dismal attempt to silence Teddy Katz. In March 1998, while a graduate student at the University of Haifa, Katz submitted a master\u2019s thesis to the department of Middle Eastern history. Its title: \u201cThe Exodus of the Arabs from the Villages at the Foot of Southern Mount Carmel in 1948.\u201d Katz, then in his fifties, received a grade of 97. According to custom, the paper was deposited in the university\u2019s library, and the author intended to proceed to doctoral studies. But his plan went awry.<\/p>\n In January 2000, journalist Amir Gilat borrowed the study from the library and published an article about the massacre in Maariv. It touched off a firestorm. Besides the libel suit initiated by the Alexandroni veterans association, the university also went into a tizzy, and decided to set up a committee to reexamine the M.A. thesis. Even though the original reviewers found that Katz had completed the thesis with excellence, and even though the paper was based on dozens of documented testimonies \u2013 of Jewish soldiers and Arab refugees from Tantura \u2013 the new committee decided to disqualify the thesis.<\/p>\n Katz\u2019s paper is not fault-free, but probably the primary target of criticism is the University of Haifa, which accompanied the research and the writing in a deficient manner, and after approving it then reversed course and disowned its student. That made possible the years-long silencing and repression of the bloody events in Tantura. For Katz, one court hearing was all it took for him to sign a letter of apology in which he declared that there had not been a massacre in the village and that his thesis was flawed. The fact that just hours later he retracted this, and that his lawyer, Avigdor Feldman, was not present at the nighttime meeting in which Katz came under pressure to recant, was forgotten. The apology buried the findings the thesis had uncovered, and the details of the massacre were thereafter not subjected to comprehensive scrutiny.<\/p>\n The historians who addressed the episode \u2013 from Yoav Gelber to Benny Morris and Ilan Papp\u00e9 \u2013 reached different and contradictory conclusions. Gelber, who played a key role in the struggle to discredit Katz\u2019s paper, asserted that a few dozen Arabs had been killed in the battle itself, but that a massacre had not occurred. Morris, for his part, thought that it was impossible to determine unequivocally what happened, but wrote that after reading several of the testimonies and interviewing some of the Alexandroni veterans, he \u201ccame away with a deep sense of unease.\u201d Papp\u00e9, who engaged in a highly publicized debate with Gelber over Katz\u2019s thesis, determined that a massacre had been perpetrated in Tantura in the straightforward sense of the word. Now, with the appearance of the testimony in Schwarz\u2019s film, the debate would seem to be decided.<\/p>\n In one of the more dramatic scenes in the documentary, Drora Pilpel, who was the judge in the libel suit against Katz, listens to a recording of one of Katz\u2019s interviews. It was the first time she had encountered the testimony collected by Katz, whose speedy apology brought the trial to a quick end. \u201cIf it\u2019s true, it\u2019s a pity,\u201d the retired judge tells the director after removing her headphones. \u201cIf he had things like this, he should have gone all the way to the end.\u201d<\/p>\n The Tantura affair exemplifies the difficulty that soldiers in the 1948 war had in acknowledging the bad behavior that was on display in that war: acts of murder<\/a>, violence against Arab residents, expulsion and looting. To listen to the soldiers\u2019 testimony today, while considering the uniform stand they demonstrated when they sued Katz, is to grasp the potency of the conspiracy of silence<\/a> and the consensus that there are things one doesn\u2019t talk about. It\u2019s to be hoped that from the perspective of years, such subjects will be more readily addressed. A possibly encouraging sign in this direction is the fact that the film about Tantura received funding from such mainstream bodies as the Hot cable network and the New Fund for Cinema and Television.<\/p>\n The grim events at Tantura will never be completely investigated, the full truth will not be known. However, there is one thing that can be asserted with a great deal of certainty: Under the parking lot of one of the most familiar and beloved Israeli resort sites on the Mediterranean, lie the remains of the victims of one of the glaring massacres of the War of Independence.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Adam Raz is a researcher at the Akevot Institute for Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Research. The Akevot Institute assisted the filmmaker (without remuneration).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Israeli veterans of the 1948 battle at Tantura village finally come clean about the massacre of Arabs that took place after the village’s surrender<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":39262,"featured_media":248664,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15,37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-248662","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-Hidden_and_Revisionist_History","category-Israel_Anti-Semitism_Zionism_and_US-UK_allies"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248662","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/39262"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=248662"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248662\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":248666,"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248662\/revisions\/248666"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/248664"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=248662"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=248662"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=248662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Disqualified<\/strong><\/h2>\n