{"id":185094,"date":"2019-03-13T06:43:10","date_gmt":"2019-03-13T06:43:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/?p=185094"},"modified":"2019-03-15T07:38:14","modified_gmt":"2019-03-15T07:38:14","slug":"whites-were-slaves-in-north-africa-before-blacks-were-slaves-in-the-new-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/?p=185094","title":{"rendered":"Whites Were Slaves In North Africa Before Blacks Were Slaves In The New World"},"content":{"rendered":"

Paul Craig Roberts \u2013 paulcraigroberts.org March 12, 2019<\/strong><\/h1>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Things that used to be true before political correctness set in:<\/span><\/p>\n

More whites were brought as slaves to North Africa than blacks brought as slaves to the United States<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.hannenabintuherland.com\/europe\/larry-elder-more-whites-were-brought-as-slaves-to-north-africa-than-blacks-brought-as-slaves-to-the-united-states-herland-report\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Before sending ignorant hate mail, consider these Wikipedia entries:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe Barbary slave trade<\/strong> refers to the slave markets that were lucrative and vast on the Barbary Coast<\/a><\/span><\/strong> of North Africa<\/a><\/span><\/strong>, which included the Ottoman<\/a><\/strong><\/span> provinces of Algeria<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, Tunisia<\/a><\/strong><\/span> and Tripolitania<\/strong><\/span><\/a> and the independent sultanate of Morocco<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, between the 16th and middle of the 18th century. The Ottoman provinces in North Africa were nominally under Ottoman suzerainty<\/a><\/strong><\/span>, but in reality they were mostly autonomous. The North African slave markets were part of the Berber slave trade<\/strong><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cOhio State University<\/strong><\/span><\/a> history Professor Robert Davis describes the White Slave Trade<\/a><\/strong><\/span> as minimized by most modern historians in his book Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500\u20131800<\/em>. Davis estimates that 1 million to 1.25 million Europeans were enslaved in North Africa, from the beginning of the 16th century to the middle of the 18th, by slave traders<\/a><\/strong><\/span> from Tunis, Algiers, and Tripoli alone (these numbers do not include the European people who were enslaved by Morocco and by other raiders and traders of the Mediterranean Sea<\/strong><\/span><\/a> coast),[3<\/strong><\/span>]<\/a><\/sup> and roughly 700 Americans<\/strong><\/span> \u00a0<\/a>were held captive in this region as slaves between 1785 and 1815.[4<\/strong><\/span>]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cFrom bases on the Barbary coast, North Africa, the Barbary pirates<\/strong><\/span><\/a> raided ships traveling through the Mediterranean and along the northern and western coasts of Africa, plundering their cargo and enslaving the people they captured. From at least 1500, the pirates also conducted raids along seaside towns of Italy, Spain, France, England, the Netherlands and as far away as Iceland, capturing men, women and children. On some occasions, settlements such as Baltimore<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, Ireland<\/strong><\/span><\/a> were abandoned following the raid, only being resettled many years later. Between 1609 and 1616, England alone had 466 merchant ships lost to Barbary pirates.[8<\/strong><\/span>]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhile Barbary corsairs looted the cargo of ships they captured, their primary goal was to capture non-Muslim people for sale as slaves or for ransom. Those who had family or friends who might ransom them were held captive, the most famous of these was the author Miguel de Cervantes<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, who was held for almost five years. Others were sold into various types of servitude. Captives who converted to Islam were generally freed, since enslavement of Muslims was prohibited; but this meant that they could never return to their native countries.[9<\/strong><\/span>]<\/a>[10<\/strong><\/span>]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSixteenth- and 17th-century customs statistics suggest that Istanbul\u2019s additional slave import from the Black Sea<\/a><\/strong><\/span> may have totaled around 2.5 million from 1450 to 1700.[11<\/strong><\/span>]<\/a><\/sup> The markets declined after the loss of the Barbary Wars<\/strong><\/span><\/a> and finally ended in the 1800s, after a US Navy expedition under Commodore Edward Preble<\/a><\/strong><\/span> engaging gunboats and fortifications in Tripoli, 1804 and later when after a British diplomatic mission led to some confused orders and a massacre; British and Dutch ships delivered a punishing nine-hour bombardment of Algiers<\/a><\/strong><\/span> leading to an acceptance of terms. It ended with the French conquest of Algeria<\/strong><\/span><\/a> (1830-1847).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cPerpetrated largely on Europeans, and within in-land routes to indigenous European inhabitants. These peoples were systematically preyed upon and turned into slaves, acquired by Barbary pirates<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/a>during slave raids<\/a> <\/strong><\/span>on ships and by raids on coastal towns from Italy<\/a><\/strong><\/span> to the Netherlands<\/a><\/strong><\/span>, as far north as Iceland<\/strong><\/span><\/a> and in the eastern shores of the Mediterranean<\/strong><\/span><\/a>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbary_slave_trade<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhite slavery<\/strong>, white slave trade<\/strong>, and white slave traffic<\/strong> refer to the chattel slavery<\/strong><\/span><\/a> of White Europeans<\/strong><\/span><\/a> by non-Europeans (such as North Africans<\/strong><\/span><\/a> and the Muslim world<\/span><\/strong><\/a>), as well as by Europeans themselves, such as the Viking<\/strong><\/span><\/a> thralls<\/a><\/strong><\/span> or European Galley slaves<\/a><\/strong><\/span>. From Antiquity, European slaves were common during the reign of Ancient Rome<\/strong><\/span><\/a> and were prominent during the Ottoman Empire<\/a><\/strong><\/span> into the early modern period<\/a><\/strong><\/span>. In Feudalism<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, there were various forms of status below the Freeman<\/strong><\/span><\/a> that is known as Serfdom<\/span><\/strong><\/a> (such as the bordar<\/a><\/strong><\/span>, villein<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, vagabond<\/a><\/strong><\/span> and slave<\/strong><\/span><\/a>) which could be bought and sold as property and were subject to labor and branding by their owners or demense<\/a>. Under Muslim rule<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, the Arab slave trades<\/strong><\/span><\/a> that included Caucasian<\/strong><\/span><\/a> captives were often fueled by raids into European territories or were taken as children in the form of a blood tax<\/strong><\/span><\/a> from the families of citizens of conquered territories<\/strong><\/span><\/a> to serve the empire for a variety of functions. In the mid-19th century, the term \u2018white slavery\u2019 was used to describe the Christian slaves that were sold into the Barbary slave trade<\/strong><\/span><\/a>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_slavery<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

See also:<\/span><\/p>\n

March 7, 2004<\/span><\/p>\n

When Europeans Were Slaves: Research Suggests White Slavery Was Much More Common Than Previously Believed<\/span><\/p>\n

COLUMBUS, Ohio \u2013 A new study suggests that a million or more European Christians were enslaved by Muslims in North Africa between 1530 and 1780 \u2013 a far greater number than had ever been estimated before.<\/span><\/p>\n

In a new book, Robert Davis<\/a><\/strong><\/span>, professor of history at Ohio State University<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, developed a unique methodology to calculate the number of white Christians who were enslaved along Africa\u2019s Barbary Coast, arriving at much higher slave population estimates than any previous studies had found.<\/span><\/p>\n

Most other accounts of slavery along the Barbary coast didn\u2019t try to estimate the number of slaves, or only looked at the number of slaves in particular cities, Davis said. Most previously estimated slave counts have thus tended to be in the thousands, or at most in the tens of thousands. Davis, by contrast, has calculated that between 1 million and 1.25 million European Christians were captured and forced to work in North Africa from the 16th to 18th centuries.<\/span><\/p>\n

Davis\u2019s new estimates appear in the book Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500-1800<\/a><\/em> <\/strong><\/span>(Palgrave Macmillan).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEnslavement was a very real possibility for anyone who traveled in the Mediterranean, or who lived along the shores in places like Italy, France, Spain and Portugal, and even as far north as England and Iceland.\u201d<\/em><\/h5>\n

\u201cMuch of what has been written gives the impression that there were not many slaves and minimizes the impact that slavery had on Europe,\u201d Davis said. \u201cMost accounts only look at slavery in one place, or only for a short period of time. But when you take a broader, longer view, the massive scope of this slavery and its powerful impact become clear.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Davis said it is useful to compare this Mediterranean slavery to the Atlantic slave trade that brought black Africans to the Americas. Over the course of four centuries, the Atlantic slave trade was much larger \u2013 about 10 to 12 million black Africans were brought to the Americas. But from 1500 to 1650, when trans-Atlantic slaving was still in its infancy, more white Christian slaves were probably taken to Barbary than black African slaves to the Americas, according to Davis.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cOne of the things that both the public and many scholars have tended to take as given is that slavery was always racial in nature \u2013 that only blacks have been slaves. But that is not true,\u201d Davis said. \u201cWe cannot think of slavery as something that only white people did to black people.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

During the time period Davis studied, it was religion and ethnicity, as much as race, that determined who became slaves.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEnslavement was a very real possibility for anyone who traveled in the Mediterranean, or who lived along the shores in places like Italy, France, Spain and Portugal, and even as far north as England and Iceland,\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pirates (called corsairs) from cities along the Barbary Coast in north Africa \u2013 cities such as Tunis and Algiers \u2013 would raid ships in the Mediterranean and Atlantic, as well as seaside villages to capture men, women and children. The impact of these attacks were devastating \u2013 France, England, and Spain each lost thousands of ships, and long stretches of the Spanish and Italian coasts were almost completely abandoned by their inhabitants. At its peak, the destruction and depopulation of some areas probably exceeded what European slavers would later inflict on the African interior.<\/span><\/p>\n

Although hundreds of thousands of Christian slaves were taken from Mediterranean countries, Davis noted, the effects of Muslim slave raids was felt much further away: it appears, for example, that through most of the 17th century the English lost at least 400 sailors a year to the slavers.<\/span><\/p>\n

Even Americans were not immune. For example, one American slave reported that 130 other American seamen had been enslaved by the Algerians in the Mediterranean and Atlantic just between 1785 and 1793.<\/span><\/p>\n

Davis said the vast scope of slavery in North Africa has been ignored and minimized, in large part because it is on no one\u2019s agenda to discuss what happened.<\/span><\/p>\n

The enslavement of Europeans doesn\u2019t fit the general theme of European world conquest and colonialism that is central to scholarship on the early modern era, he said. Many of the countries that were victims of slavery, such as France and Spain, would later conquer and colonize the areas of North Africa where their citizens were once held as slaves. Maybe because of this history, Western scholars have thought of the Europeans primarily as \u201cevil colonialists\u201d and not as the victims they sometimes were, Davis said.<\/span><\/p>\n

Davis said another reason that Mediterranean slavery has been ignored or minimized has been that there have not been good estimates of the total number of people enslaved. People of the time \u2013 both Europeans and the Barbary Coast slave owners \u2013 did not keep detailed, trustworthy records of the number of slaves. In contrast, there are extensive records that document the number of Africans brought to the Americas as slaves.<\/span><\/p>\n

So Davis developed a new methodology to come up with reasonable estimates of the number of slaves along the Barbary Coast. Davis found the best records available indicating how many slaves were at a particular location at a single time. He then estimated how many new slaves it would take to replace slaves as they died, escaped or were ransomed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe only way I could come up with hard numbers is to turn the whole problem upside down \u2013 figure out how many slaves they would have to capture to maintain a certain level,\u201d he said. \u201cIt is not the best way to make population estimates, but it is the only way with the limited records available.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Putting together such sources of attrition as deaths, escapes, ransomings, and conversions, Davis calculated that about one-fourth of slaves had to be replaced each year to keep the slave population stable, as it apparently was between 1580 and 1680. That meant about 8,500 new slaves had to be captured each year. Overall, this suggests nearly a million slaves would have been taken captive during this period. Using the same methodology, Davis has estimated as many as 475,000 additional slaves were taken in the previous and following centuries.<\/span><\/p>\n

The result is that between 1530 and 1780 there were almost certainly 1 million and quite possibly as many as 1.25 million white, European Christians enslaved by the Muslims of the Barbary Coast.<\/span><\/p>\n

Davis said his research into the treatment of these slaves suggests that, for most of them, their lives were every bit as difficult as that of slaves in America.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAs far as daily living conditions, the Mediterranean slaves certainly didn\u2019t have it better,\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n

While African slaves did grueling labor on sugar and cotton plantations in the Americas, European Christian slaves were often worked just as hard and as lethally \u2013 in quarries, in heavy construction, and above all rowing the corsair galleys themselves.<\/span><\/p>\n

Davis said his findings suggest that this invisible slavery of European Christians deserves more attention from scholars.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe have lost the sense of how large enslavement could loom for those who lived around the Mediterranean and the threat they were under,\u201d he said. \u201cSlaves were still slaves, whether they are black or white, and whether they suffered in America or North Africa.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/news.osu.edu\/when-europeans-were-slaves\u2013research-suggests-white-slavery-was-much-more-common-than-previously-believed\/\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

See Also: \u00a0White Cargo by Don Jordan and Michael Walsh, New York University Press, 2007. \u00a0https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/White-Cargo-Forgotten-History-Britains\/dp\/0814742963\/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=White+Cargo&qid=1552344270&s=books&sr=1-1\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

The New Color Line <\/em>by Paul Craig Roberts and\u00a0Lawrence Stratton \u00a0points out that the 1964 Civil Rights Act explicitly prohibited racial quotas. \u00a0Despite the statutory prohibition, Alfred W. Blumrosen, compliance chief and de facto head of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) imposed quotas on his bet that the EEOC\u2019s \u201cinterpretation\u201d of the law would be upheld by the federal courts out of deference to the regulatory commission. \u00a0Blumrosen won his bet, and the Civil Rights Act was stood on its head. Blumrosen\u2019s imposition of racial quotas is a perfect example of how \u00a0regulators, not legislators, write our laws. \u00a0https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/New-Color-Line-Paul-Roberts\/dp\/0895264625\/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=The+New+Color+Line&qid=1552343014&s=books&sr=1-1\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

In his report on Amazon.com\u2019s censuring of politically incorrect books by Jewish and Black authors for telling the truth, Ron Unz notes that contrary to the fake history that puts the blame for black slavery on white gentiles, Jews themselves played a prominent role in the black slave trade:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cFor more than a half-century, Jewish political activists and engaged academics have pilloried white American society for its longstanding mistreatment of blacks, especially focusing upon the \u201coriginal sin\u201d of black slavery, and almost every morning my New York Times<\/em> carries one or more articles filled with such denunciations. Americans of Anglo-Saxon founding stock are invariably portrayed as the villains of the story, with American Jews frequently cited as among the heroic supporters of the Civil Rights Movement that eventually rectified some of those injustices.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cYet, the true facts may be somewhat more complex. Over a quarter-century ago, provocative NOI researchers published a fascinating volume gathering together a huge quantity of historical evidence suggesting that prior to the Civil War, America\u2019s tiny Jewish population had actually played an enormously disproportionate role in establishing and promoting black slavery, with their co-ethnics even sometimes outright dominating that institution in the vast and exceptionally cruel slave plantations of Latin America, which were frequently operated like death-camps. These claims are hardly\u00a0 implausible given that slave-trading had been a very traditional Jewish occupation in much of Europe and the Middle East for the last thousand years, and it is probably more than coincidence that the largest centers of Jewish settlement in Colonial America tended to be those cities focused on the slave trade.\u201d \u00a0http:\/\/www.unz.com\/runz\/american-pravda-amazon-book-censorship\/\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

It is often overlooked that slaves were enslaved before they were bought and sold by Jews, Arabs, and Gentiles<\/em>. \u00a0The unasked question is: Who enslaved them?<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

The African slave trade trade originated in the black Kingdom of Dahomey in Africa. \u00a0The black king of Dahomey conducted slave wars against rival black tribes. \u00a0Arabs and later Europeans \u00a0seeking a work force for the New World purchased black slaves from the black Kingdom of Dahomey. \u00a0See Karl Polanyi, Dahomey and the Slave Trade. \u00a0<\/em>This important history is almost unobtainable in the present era of political correctness and fake history that has been created in order to manufacture a new victim group. \u00a0American blacks learned from Jews that to obtain the status of victim group brings special privileges. \u00a0Thus does truth fall to self-serving agendas. \u00a0The protection of \u201cholocaust\u201d now extends to blacks, women, homosexuals, and transgendered.<\/span><\/p>\n

Source<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Contrary to popular belief, slavery flourished outside of America and many were enslaved. Not only blacks but whites too <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":131,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-185094","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-Hidden_and_Revisionist_History","category-Race"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185094","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/131"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=185094"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185094\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":185120,"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185094\/revisions\/185120"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=185094"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=185094"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thetruthseeker.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=185094"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}